Objective: To develop an instrument for measuring residents’ barriers to health care, and to verify its reliability and validity, so as to provide theoretical support and empirical tools for understanding the current situation of residents’ health care needs in the new era, alleviating residents’health care challenges, and further reforming health care delivery. Methods: The first draft of the scale was developed through literature research, semi-structured interviews, and Delphi method; using a stratified multi-stage sampling method, a survey was conducted , and the scale was validated using reliability test analysis. Results: The frame- work of the scale was consistent with the theory after analysis, including 6 dimensions and 31 entries. The correlation coefficients be- tween each factor and the total score ranged from 0.783 to 0.888 （P＜0.01），and the Cronbach’s α coefficients and half-reliability were 0.974 and 0.915, respectively. Conclusion: It developed a good reliability and validity of the barriers to health care scale, which is of theoretical and practical value, and can provide a multidimensional tool for measuring barriers to health care from the de- mand-side perspective.