Objective: To analyze of the relationship between intensive care unit bed distribution and maternal mortality in China, and to provide a reference for further optimizing the allocation of intensive care resources. Methods: Data of 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions across China was obtained from the National Health Statistical Yearbooks and the National Statistical Yearbook. Descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis and multiple linear regression were used to explore the impact of intensive care unit bed density on maternal mortality. Results: The density of intensive care unit bed by area was more uneven than by population among provinces. Maternal mortality was significantly negatively correlated with the area density of intensive care unit bed (β=-7.372，P＜0.05) and birth rate (β=-0.760,P＜0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between maternal mortality and illiteracy rate (β=1.429, P＜0.01). Conclusion: The density of critical care beds in China needs to be improved, the area density is unevenly distributed across provinces. The area density of critical care beds is an independent influence on maternal mortality. Regional health planning should allocate intensive care unit beds according to areas where the population is dispersed.