Objective: To analyze and discuss how to optimize the allocation of medical resources and improve the public health emergency management system in Guizhou Province based on the major public health emergency. Methods: It conducted in-depth interviews with experts in the public health field and the health administrative department of Guizhou Province on the basis of earlier data analysis. Results: The total amount of health resources is insufficient，the allocation is seriously unbalanced，and the gap of health human resources is more prominent. After the outbreak of the epidemic，residents faced with dual challenges. Conclusion: The innovation goals of fairness，efficiency and sharing were put forward，and the innovation realization path of establishing an integrated medical resource allocation and health service system，realizing the informatization and diversification of medical services，and building a sharing platform for medical and nursing human resources was further analyzed.