Objective:To reflect the problems in the budget investment and management of provincial Centers for Disease Control (CDCs) in China，and put forward targeted solutions to promote the healthy development of disease control and prevention. Methods: Combined with population and geographic data，the unit budget revenue and expenditure data of 31 Chinese provincial CDCs in 2022 are analyzed and compared，and the agglomeration degree model is used for fairness analysis. Results: The total budget revenue of different provincial CDCs varies greatly，and 27 provincial CDC's budget revenue accounts for less than 3%of the provincial health administrative department's budget revenue. There are obvious differences among the eastern，central and western regions of the provincial CDC's budget revenue. The health expenditure of most CDCs accounts for the majority of the total budget expenditure. While science &technology expenditure and education expenditure are lack of attention and allocation，there are significant differences between budget expenditure per capita and personnel expenditure per capita，and the level of personnel expenditure per capita is generally low. Conclusion: The funding input is insufficient，the structure of investment in different fields is unreasonable，and the contradiction of emphasizing medical care over prevention is still prominent.