Objective: It attempts to measure and compare the equity of resource allocation in the health care institutions of 31 provinces in China, and explore the equity of the allocation of health care institutions among regions and the specific improvement path. Methods: The health resource agglomeration degree is used to evaluate the equity of resource allocation of health care institutions, and the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method (fzQCA) is used to analyze the specific paths that affect the equity of resource allocation in the health care institutions of 31 provinces in China. Results: There are 5 paths for the formation of high fairness in the configuration of health care institutions, with a total consistency of 0.95 and a total coverage of 0.88, and the model interpretation effect is good (consistency ＞0.8 ). Conclusion: There are many factors affecting the equity of health care allocation in China. There are multiple paths that can improve the fairness of medical allocation, and the gap in the allocation of medical institutions between regions is large at this stage.