Objective: To provide a scientific empirical basis for further optimizing the allocation of health resources in China by analyzing and evaluating the primary health resources in China. Methods: Based on Data Envelope Analysis(DEA), the primary health and health resources in China from 2012 to 2020 were analyzed and evaluated, and the DATA was statically and dynamically analyzed using the DEA-BBC model and DEA-Malmquist. Results: The total amount of primary health resources in China showed an upward trend, but there were still problems such as insufficient scale efficiency and unbalanced scale input; the overall allocation efficiency of primary health resources showed a downward trend, and technological progress became a key factor restricting the progress of all factor production factors; the efficiency of primary health allocation was optimal in the central part, followed by the eastern region, and the last in the western region. Conclusion: While increasing the scale of resources for primary health institutions, the government also needs to actively explore the scale of health care suitable for local development. In this process, it is necessary to continuously strengthen the innovation of technology, the improvement of the organizational management system and the training of grass-roots health personnel, so as to promote the optimization of grass-roots health resources, improve the level of primary health technology, form high-quality primary health services, and finally achieve reasonable resource allocation efficiency.