Objective: To summarize the key elements and deficiencies of China's medical assistance policy, and to provide basis for the subsequent adjustment and improvement of China's medical assistance policy. Methods: From the perspective of policy tools, the content analysis method is applied to conduct statistical analysis on the medical assistance policies issued at the national level from November 2013 to February 2022. Results: A total of 52 policy documents were sorted out, and the scope of application was mostly non-tight. In terms of policy tools, 77(27.02%) were supply-oriented policy tools, 91(31.93%) were environment-oriented policy tools, and 117(41.05%) were demand-oriented policy tools. Conclusion: There are some problems in China's national medical assistance policies, such as less application of supply-oriented policy tools, lack of assessment and incentive tools for environment-oriented policy tools, and unbalanced internal use of demand-oriented policy tools. The government should increase the application of supply-oriented policy tools and attach importance to financial support, financial input and grassroots capacity construction; pay attention to the application of assessment tools in environmental policy tools, strengthen the monitoring and evaluation of medical assistance policy implementation process; attention should be paid to the application of demand-oriented policy tools to improve the pooling level.