Objective: The present situation and equity of medical and health resource allocation in Hainan Province under the construction of the free trade port were analyzed to provide references for further optimization of medical resource allocation. Methods: Descriptive analysis was used to study the current situation of medical and health resource allocation of 18 cities and counties in Hainan Province in 2020. From the dimensions of population and geographical area, Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient were used to study the equity. Meanwhile, the basic situation of medical and health resource allocation in Hainan Province from 2016 to 2020 was analyzed longitudinally. Results: All kinds of medical and health resources in Hainan province showed an increasing trend from 2016 to 2020. In 2020, the Lorentz curve of all kinds of medical and health resources in Hainan province was bent more by geography than by population. In 2020, the Gini coefficient of the number of health facilities, beds, health technicians, medical practitioners and registered nurses by population was less than 0.2. The Gini coefficient was between 0.3 and 0.6 by geographical dimension. Conclusion: The regional distribution of medical and health resources and the allocation of factor structure in Hainan Province are unbalanced, population distribution is better than geographical distribution, and the equity of health material resources allocation is better than that of health human resources allocation. It is necessary to further balance the allocation of medical resources and improve the overall fairness and accessibility of medical resources.