Objective: To analyze the characteristics and trends of changes in the medical income structure of public hospitals in the context of public hospital reform in Jilin Province. Methods: Based on the financial data of public hospitals in Jilin Province from 2014 to 2020, the structural change characteristics and trends of medical income and its various itemized income were studied by applying structural change analysis and gray prediction analysis. Results: From 2014 to 2020, in the medical revenue structure of public hospitals in Jilin Province, the proportion of drug revenue declined significantly, and the proportion of medical services, health materials and examination and laboratory income generally showed an increasing trend; the contribution of drug income to the overall degree of structural change was the highest, followed by health materials income and examination income. Conclusion: Since the reform of public hospitals, drug price reform and medical service price reform have been effective, and the medical income structure of public hospitals has been optimized. However, there is still room for its structural adjustment. The costs of health materials and large-scale examinations should be given particular attention, and comprehensive measures should be taken to further straighten out the price ratio relationship of medical services and promote the smooth operation of public hospital reform.