Objective: To analyze the cost and benefit of joint prevention and control measures for avian influenza A ( H7N9) from the perspective of the whole society. Methods: According to the principle of the national economic model, the direct loss of related industries is measured from the point of final consumption to illustrate its impact on the social economy. Results: In 2013, the benefit-cost ratio of avian influenza A ( H7N9) prevention and control measured in two hypothetical scenarios reached 19.84 and 38.25 respectively. Conclusion: In 2013, the measures taken to prevent and control avian influenza A ( H7N9) in China have high cost effectiveness, avoiding the impact of the spread of the epidemic on the social economy. After the epidemic, we should eliminate the public panic through scientific and accurate publicity and education