Objective: To discuss the relevant theories and applications of geographical elements in the health service research, and put forward the prospect of the application based on the basic connotation of geographical elements in the health service research. Methods: Literature research were applied to analyze the geographical elements , with the use of the CNKI and PubMed. Results: The geographical elements are mainly divided into natural and social geographical elements, whose theoretical basis in health service research are the theory of man-land relationship and Anderson health service model. There are three main application aspects in the health service research including public health and epidemiology, health system planning and resources allocation, and influence study on the health service supply and demand. Conclusion: Relationship between the natural geographic elements and h uman health and diseases is addressed in the public health research, and the influence of the social geographic elements on the health resources allocation and service utilization is mainly analyzed. However, it is rare to apply the integration of natural and geographic elements in the health service research, which needs the future research, in order to provide more evidence for health policy reform, resources allocation and stakeholders’ equilibrium