Objective: To investigate the decision mechanism and factors of the non addicted smokers, and provide valuable suggestions for smoking control policy. Methods: use the theory of consumer behavior and behavioral economics theory to analyze the cost and income involved in the smoking decision of the non addicted smokers, and its classification, so as to clarify the role of various factors play in smoking decision and its mechanism. Results: in the period of non addiction, people’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’s smoking behavior is more from the pursuit of a certain income, including functional benefits, psychological benefits and contextual benefits. On one hand, smokers have the pursuit of specific benefits, on the other hand, the cost of smoking during this period is not high, the cost of health damage is very small, or even negligible. Therefore, the choice of smoking depends largely on the comparison of the size of the income and the cost of the transaction. Conclusion: the effect of various cost and income is different in different stages of the smoking decision, ane the mechanism is also different, increase transaction cost may lead to non addicted smokers to give up smoking, but it may be invalid for addicts. Smoking control policy should be formulated based on smokers in different stages, so as to be more targeted.