French health insurance system shows a diversified and fragmented characteristic since its founding. However, France not only built CMU based on the basic medical insurance system, but also established CMU-C and ACS with income examine rules. Therefore, French medical security system could provide a fair security for low-income groups. Learned from the lessons of France, Chinese medical security system should avoid the universal welfare, and the limited public resources should be priority used for low-income and health expenditure poverty people. China should also integrate the management and economic resources, and establish a planned and comprehensive medical security systems for low-income population.