This paper systematically analyzes the basic framework and key elements of health sector governance, such as, accountability, transparency, participation, integrity, and capacity of policy, based on the method of systematic literature review and related theory and practice of governance. However, systematically expounding the concepts of each element and the associated policy and managed tools, as well as the authority-responsibility relationship of pluralistic subjects in the governance framework. In practice, by excluding the problem such as financing, legal or basic strategic ideas, the reasons for the policy failure can be summarized as defaults in the five key elements, either overemphasized or completely ignored an element, or that is mechanical implementation, rather than in practice to adopt measures suiting local conditions. Thus, these five key elements are mutually reinforcing, not only to build the basic framework of the health sector governance, also determines its policy decision-making pattern, which aims to identify actual or potential governance problems, and through forming an inclusive and mutually reinforcing governance framework, as well as pattern and mechanisms capable of embodying their governing bodies’’ values to coordinate the conflicting or different stakeholders. And form a cooperation and sustainable development way to improve the supply of the medical and health services, and the use efficiency of resources.