本文从经济学角度分析了在医疗纠纷发生过程中医患双方预防投入不足的原因，即医方的原因为医疗资源配置不合理、医疗服务价格扭曲、信息不对称；患方的原因为过错成本低、违法行为未支付合理对价，并在此基础上，从医方和患方角度构建了预防医疗纠纷的经济学路径。Abstract: In this paper, we analysis the reasons for the shortage of investment of the doctors and patients to prevent medical dispute occurrence from the economic angle. The doctors’ reasons include irrational allocation of medical resources,medical service price distortion, asymmetric information . The patients’ reasons include the fault of low cost, illegal behavior not pay for a reasonable price . And based on, the paper builds the economics path of the prevention of medical disputes from the view of the doctors and patients.