Objective: Determine the cost of health insurance macroeconomic factors, and propose countermeasures of macro-control health insurance costs. Methods: By using principal component analysis to screen key macroeconomic factors that influence health insurance costs of Shanghai. Results: From the macro perspective, the economy and technology are the main factors affecting health insurance costs. Conclusion: Increase government investment in public health finance, development costs declined medical technology advances; strengthen the construction of medical and health information, as well as to strengthen government oversight.