Objective: to evaluate public health expenditure fairness in typical areas. Methods: to calculate Theil index with excel and measure public health expenditure fairness in typical areas. Results: to select Beijing, Henan and Shaanxi as the typical areas; after the new medical and health care reform, Beijing’s positive contribution to Theil index of the national public health finance expenditure has decreased, while Henan’s negative contribution is the highest and has been increasing year by year; Henan’s negative contribution to Theil index of various public health expenditures is almost the highest. Conclusions: regions with better self-financing ability could undertake the responsibility of public health expenditure better; regions with weaker self-financing ability own worse public health expenditure fairness. Recommend to strengthen the idea of public finance and increase investment in public health; to reasonably divide inter-governmental responsibility in public health expenditures and match the financial rights and duties; to improve transfer payment system and solve the problem of “neglect to the middles regions”; to promulgate the Health Law of People’s Republic of China and establish guarantee mechanism for public health financing; to strengthen governmental regulation and implement performance appraisal.